The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most widely used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out with the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university STUDENTS in Tehran (210 girls AND 180 boys) with an age range of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method AND completed BFI AND NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, AND confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors AND were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) with 5 factors has a good fit with the data. The reliability analysis also showed that the range of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor AND the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent AND divergent validity with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties AND whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based self-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness AND self-efficacy of male STUDENTS of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male STUDENTS of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 STUDENTS were selected using the available sampling method AND divided into two groups of 15 people completely rANDomly. STUDENTS in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based self-control training program, AND the control group did not receive training. Before AND after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang AND Goulet (2003) AND the self-efficacy scale of children AND adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software AND through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing STUDENTS' psychological hardiness AND self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness AND self-efficacy in STUDENTS.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere AND the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit AND normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive AND comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary STUDENTS of non-profit AND normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 STUDENTS (57 regular STUDENTS AND 57 male STUDENTS from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty AND Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy AND Rhodes (2007) Perception of School Atmosphere Questionnaire AND Martin AND Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere AND academic vitality in non-profit AND normal school STUDENTS (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere, AND the academic vitality of non-profit STUDENTS are more than the STUDENTS of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal STUDENTS in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit STUDENTS, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables

The main aim of present study was to examine the quality of COLLEGE life (QCL) based on the model developed by Sirgy et al., (2010). The research design was correlational AND the sample was comprises of 400 STUDENTS from three universities including Tehran, Allameh AND Kurdestan, which the respondents were selected using rANDom sampling method. Quality of COLLEGE life measurement was included three main subjects about COLLEGE life as satisfaction with academic aspect, social aspect AND facilities AND services. In order to analysis the data structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed. Findings indicated that the satisfaction with services AND facilities has significant effect on satisfaction with academic AND social aspects of COLLEGE life. Moreover findings revealed that satisfaction with quality of COLLEGE life has significant effect on satisfaction with overall life among STUDENTS. Results indicated that the satisfaction with academic aspect AND facilities AND services among Tehran’s university STUDENTS is higher than Kurdestan’s university STUDENTS. Based on present findings the quality of universities may receive more attentions by higher education system especially in low income provinces such as Kurdestan. Lack of facilities resulted in decreasing the quality of academic aspect, social aspect AND quality of COLLEGE life. Low satisfaction with COLLEGE life is leading to decreasing the overall life satisfaction which resulted in issues such as depression, frustration AND anxiety among STUDENTS.

The distribution of procrastination in STUDENTS studying at Tehran state AND private (Islamic Azad) universities was exa-mined. A sample of 1202 females AND 770 males with an average age of 22, answered the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (1991). The results illustrated that procrastination among 54.6% of STUDENTS was above average (M=69.2, SD=11.3). The significant negative skewness of distribution of procrastination in females (-0.11, P<0.05) AND private universities’ stud- ents (-0.66, P<0.05) indicated that these two groups reported higher levels of procrastination behavior than the male STUDENTS in state universities. The findings were discussed based on the structural AND qualitative differences between state AND private universities in Iran.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability AND factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian STUDENTS. The present research design is descriptive AND psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school STUDENTS in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 STUDENTS were selected by multi-stage rANDom sampling AND completed the How I think AND Bass AND Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha AND Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS AND AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors AND has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha AND Split- half coefficients for the whole scale AND its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian STUDENTS has acceptable psychometric properties AND can be used as a valid tool in research, educational AND clinical situations.

Depressions the commonest psychiatric problem, in COLLEGE STUDENTS can be caused by exam anxiety, educational pressures, emotional problems AND puberty. The prevalence of depression among STUDENTS is estimated to be 10.54% to 64.9%. Controlling the problem is the result of first recognizing it in the STUDENTS AND to do so, we selected 134 COLLEGE STUDENTS AND asked them to complete Beck questionnaire. The score more than 17 was to be diagnosed as depressed. The prevalence of depression in STUDENTS whom were living in dormitory was 42.5%, also, 41.2% of girls AND 45.9% of boys were in different levels of depression. Besides, we found a significant difference between the level of depression AND their major, their health AND welfare of their dormitory (P>0.05). Moreover, it was shown that in dormitories without a house mother AND/or an expert one, the rate of depression was higher.Overall, factors such as not being familiar with the major they had selected, being far from family, felling secure for the future career, not having entertainment AND welfare in city of larestan, (where. the research is conducted) were the causes of depression, respectively. The researcher recommends calm, happy AND clean environments without stressors AND with facilities for sports, AND entertainments to be provided for university STUDENTS.

The goal of this research was to explain creativity based on personality traits.One-hundred AND twenty-one female AND 167 male COLLEGE STUDENTS, with a mean age of 24, were chosen by rANDom multistage sampling method from the schools of art AND architecture (N=98), physical education (N=93) AND engineering (N=98). The participants completed the Torrance Cre- ativity Inventory (1966) AND the Five Factor Personality Inventory (Costa & Mc Crae, 1992). Results showed that in all three groups creativity was correlated with neuroticism (negatively) AND with openness, extraversion AND conscientiousness (posi- tively).Positive correlation between creativity AND agreeableness was significant only in the physical education group. Compa- rison of correlations in all three groups using Fisher’s transformation was only significant between creativity AND agreeableness in the two groups of physical education AND art. Stepwise regression indicated that openness, extraversion AND consci- entiousness explained 34% of variance in creativity scores in the art group, extraversion AND conscientiousness predicted 28% of variance in the engineering group, AND agreeableness, extraversion AND conscientiousness accounted for 38% of variance in cre- ativity scores for the physical education group. It appears that personality traits can predict different levels of creativity in STUDENTS.